THE VARIOUS WAYS AND MEANS OF USING TRAINED VOLUNTEER SERVICE TO BOOST THE ECONOMY AND CONTROL CULTURAL DIVERSITY TO BRING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN

The various ways and means of using trained volunteer service to boost the economy and control cultural diversity to bring sustainable development in the universe. A Pakistan view.

Objective.

To provide better and latest knowledge of technologies to the volunteers, so their role in the communities should enhanced and utilise to control un-justice, poverty, cultural diversity and globalization in the universe.

Abstract.

In the year 2000 the Pakistan total population was 137.51 million. The Pakistan is based on agricultural economy. Its 97% population line in the rural areas. Their activities are agriculture, horticulture, fishes forestry and its related field. In 1981 Pakistan literacy rate is 26.2, while urban area has 53.3% and rural area 7.3%

Since the illiteracy rate is very high in the rural areas, which paralyse the government for its development activities. But volunteers and abilities if they are trained with the latest knowledge, they can play a great role to provide sustainable development and bring peace in the nature.

Introduction.

In the year 2000 in Pakistan the total population was 137.510 million.

Sindh is divided into 5 division, 21 districts, 72 - subdivision, 88 Tehsil, 5,875 villages, one metropolitan 3-corporate municipals, 35 commercial municipal, 116 committee towns, 8 cantonment towns and 162 total urban areas.

Problems of rural areas.

n High fertility rate, high mortality rate with low expectation of life at birth, nutritional deficiencies, with fragile health.
n Rudimentary education with high degree of illiteracy.
n Extensive prevalence of child labour.
n Male domination in which inferior women’s status.
n Lacking of middle class people.
n Low quality of seeds available for field crops.
n Lacking of middle class people.
n Low quality of seeds available for field crops including vegetables, fruits, pulses and oil seeds.
n Due to traditional methods used for insemination brings poor quality of live stock production.
n Un-scientific way of breeding used in fisheries result low out-put.
n Due to most of land destroyed by salinity, water logging, marshes, riverain forest and other forest started destruction rather than development in this sector.


The volunteer should be trained in the following environmental impact assessment programme:


Part A Environmental ‘characteristics’ and ‘conditions’ (vertically in the matrix)

Part B Project actions (horizontally in the matrix)
A
a physical and chemical characteristics
A
modificcation of regime.
1.
earth
a)
Exotic flora or fauna introduction.
a)
Mineral resources.
b)
Biological controls.
b)
Construction material.
c)
Modification of habitat.
c)
Soils.
d)
Alteration of ground cover.
d)
Land form.
e)
Alteration of ground-water hydrology.
e)
Force field and background radiation.
f)
Alternation of drainage.
f)
Unique physical features.
g)
River control and flow modification.
2.
water
h)
Canalisation.
a)
Surface.
i)
Irrigation.
b)
Ocean.
j)
Weather modification.
c)
Underground.
k)
Burning.
d)
Quality.
l)
Surface or paving.
e)
Temperature.
m)
Noise and vibration.
f)
Recharge.
B
land transformation and construction
g)
Snow, ice and permafrost.
a)
Urbanisation.
3.
atmosphere.
b)
Industrial sites and buildings.
a)
Quality (gases, particles).
c)
Airports.
b)
Climate (micro macro).
d)
Highways and bridges.
c)
Temperature.
e)
Roads and trails.
4.
processes.
f)
Railroads.
a)
Floods.
g)
Cables and lifts.
b)
Erosion.
h)
Transmission lines, pipelines and corridors.
c)
Deposition (sedimentation, precipitation).
i)
Barriers including fencing.
d)
Solution.
j)
Channel dredging and straightening.
e)
Sorption (ion exchange, complexing).
k)
Channel revetments.
f)
Compaction and setting.
l)
Canals.
g)
Stability (slides, slumps).
m)
Dams and impoundments.
h)
Stress-strain (earthquake).
n)
Piers, seawalls, marinas and sea terminals.
i)
Air movements.
o)
Offshore structures.
B
biological conditions
p)
Recreational structures.
1.
flora
q)
Blasting and drilling.
a)
Trees.
r)
Cut and fill.
b)
Shrubs.
s)
Tunnels and underground structures.
c)
Grass.
C
resource extraction
d)
Crops.
a)
Blasting and drilling.
e)
Microflora.
b)
Surface excavation.
f)
Aquatic plants.
c)
Subsurface excavation and retoring.
g)
Endangered species.
d)
Well drilling and fluid removal.
h)
Barriers.
e)
Dredging.
i)
Corridors.
f)
Clear cutting and other lumbering.
2.
FAUNA.
g)
Commercial fishing and hunting.
a)
Birds.
D
processing.
b)
Land animals including reptiles.
a)
Farming.
c)
Fish and shellfish.
b)
Ranching and grazing.
d)
Benthic organisms.
c)
Feed lots.
e)
Insects.
d)
Dairying.
f)
Microfauna.
e)
Energy generation.
g)
Endangered species.
f)
Mineral processing.
h)
Barriers.
g)
Microfauna.
i)
Corridors.
h)
Chemical industry.
C
cultural factors
i)
Textile industry.
1.
land use.
j)
Automobile and aircraft.
a)
Wilderness and open spaces.
k)
Oil refining.
b)
Wetlands.
l)
Food.
c)
Forestry.
m)
Lumbering.
d)
Grazing.
n)
Pulp and paper.
e)
Agriculture.
o)
Product storage.
f)
Residential.
E
land alteration
g)
Commercial.
a)
Erosion control and terracing.
h)
Industrial.
b)
Mine scaling and waste control.
i)
Mining and quarrying.
c)
Strip mining rehabilitation.
2.
Recreation.
d)
Landscaping.
a)
Hunting.
e)
Harbour dredging.
b)
Fishing.
f)
Marsh fill and drainage.
c)
Boating.
F
resource renewal.
d)
Swimming.
a)
Reforestation.
e)
Camping and Hiking.
b)
Wildlife stocking and management.
f)
Picnicking.
c)
Ground water recharge.
g)
Resorts.
d)
Fertilisation application.
3.
aesthetics and human interest.
e)
Waste recycling.
a)
Seenic views and vistas.
G
changes in traffic.
b)
Wilderness qualities.
a)
Railway.
c)
Open space qualities.
b)
Automobile.
d)
Landscape design.
c)
Trucking.
e)
Unique physical features.
d)
Shipping.
f)
Parks and reserves.
e)
Aircraft.
g)
Monuments.
f)
River and canal traffic.
h)
Rare and unique species or ecosystem.
g)
Pleasure boating.
i)
Historical or archaeological sites and objects.
h)
Trails.
j)
Presence of misfits.
i)
Cables and lifts.
4.
cultural status.
j)
Communication.
a)
Cultural patterns (life style).
k)
Pipeline.
b)
Health and safety.
H
waste emplacement and treatment
c)
Employment.
a)
Ocean dumping.
d)
Population density.
b)
Landfill.
5.
man-made facilities and activities.
c)
Emplacement of tailing, spoil and overburden.
a)
Structures.
d)
Underground storage.
b)
Transportation network (movement, access).
e)
Junk disposal.
c)
Utility networks.
f)
Oil well flooding.
d)
Waste disposal.
g)
Deep well emplacement.
e)
Barriers.
h)
Cooling water discharge.
f)
Corridors.
i)
Municipal waste discharge including spray irrigation.
D
ecologicl relationships such as:
j)
Liquid effluent discharge.
a)
Salinization of water resources.
k)
Stabilisation and oxidation ponds.
b)
Eutrophication.
l)
Septic tanks, commercial and domestic.
c)
Disease-insect vectors.
m)
Stack and exhaust emission.
d)
Food chains.
n)
Spent lubricants.
e)
Salinization of surficial material.
I
chemical treatment.
f)
Brush encroachment.
a)
Fertilisation.
g)
Other.
b)
Chemical de-icing of highways, etc.

OTHERS
c)
Chemical stabilisation of soil.


d)
Weed control.


e)
Insect control (pesticides).


J
accidents.


a)
Explosions.


b)
Spills and leaks.


c)
Operational failure.



OTHERS.


Volunteers can boost food industry in the following ways:

n Wheat flour and other fine products, also bran used for animal feed.

n Make flour enriched with vitamin and B complex developed infant and child feed.

n Rice used for milling/husking.

n Maize used to develop starch and related products.

n Sugar can used for sugar and Gur extraction, Alcohol and molasses, cattle feed, paper and chipboard development.

n Oil-seeds to extract cooking oil, oil-cake used as animal feed and soap making.

n Fruit and vegetables used for fresh consumption, juice and syrup making, jam, jelly, marmalade, can fruit and vegetable and pickles making also preserved and dried fruit and vegetables used for long run.

n Meat-used for processing, packaging and frozen meat used for long run.

n Milk - pasteurised/packet milk, extraction of cream, butter, cheese, yoghurt, lasi making.

n Fish-Fish preservation, drying, freezing and canning process:

¨ Fish oil for food products, medicine, scape, paints, varnishes, oil-cloth.
¨ Fish meal for feeding livestock.
¨ Fish meal for fertilisation making.
¨ Fish protein concentrates for human consumption.
¨ Fish meal for poultry.

Non-food industry.

n Fibre - cotton used for textile industry, also cotton seeds are used for preparation of cooking oil and cotton-oil-cake used for animal feed.
n Jute is used for bag, sacks and containers making.
n Animal hides and skins are used in leather industry, foot-ware, bags and suitcases.
n Forest products are used in:

¨ Swan log, plywood, etc.
¨ Paper, paperboard, plywood.
¨ Wood furniture.
¨ Charcoal and firewood.
¨ Resins, gum, lacks, oil.
¨ Match industry packaging material, cork, etc.

Income generation activities.

The volunteers can raise rapidly the output and income by using above technologies, improved cottage industries, latest farming methods, also helping in improving basic health, clean drinking water, education. This way volunteers can boost, social, moral and economic conditions of the country.

Ecology.

Professional volunteers helps the people to understand the pre-eminently social character of human ecological relations, cultural ecology and the relationship between human beings and their environment in the nature.

Volunteer helps to understand ecological context, pollutant pathways, changes in the environment, its effects, monitoring system, its costs and control methods, and international aspects.





Farm sectors.

Volunteers helps the farmer for providing new and better methods of agricultural productivity, having improve the nutritional standards, which earn more foreign exchange, also to develop other sectors of industries, which will boost the country economy.

Public sector, development in the fields of agriculture, industries, education, science and technology, health and nutrition, rural development, culture, sport, tourism manpower and employment, women development, population-welfare, social welfare, research and planning, environment poverty alleviation, physical planning and housing, transport and communication, fisheries and forestry.

Volunteers are trained to understand the functions of some information services and find out the way to minimising difficulties of information uses.

Features of the World of Information
Users’ Difficulties
Information Service/System Capability
Generator and user4s of information are usually located a distance apart.
Awareness of information generated difficult.
Current awareness services, extension services, publications and publicity.
Comulation of information into vast quantities.
Overabundance need for selection.
Indexing, classification and storage systems, reference services.
Accelerated growth of Information. Increasing rate of obsolescence.
Obtaining information quickly to specific problem area.
Reviews, state of the art and trend reports, digests, information analysis and evaluation.
Interdisciplinary nature of information scatter.
Can specialise only in restricted subject field.
Indexing techniques to inter-link subjects, Information analysis and enquiry service.
Multiplicity of languages.
Can be familiar with only one or a few languages.
Translation Service.
Wide range of standards and modes of presentation of ideas.
Only some standards and patterns are convenient to some users.
Selection and presentation or repackaging according to user’s needs.
Wide variation in quality and reliability.
Difficulties and inadequacy of time for evaluating and selecting.
Information and Data analysis and evaluation.
Delays in final stage of Document provision.
Difficulty in obtaining copies of required Document.
Obtaining copies of documents, reprographic facilities.








Volunteers are trained and capable for comparison of characteristics of information services in a network. As describe under:

Aspect
University Information Service
Industry Information Service
Govt. Information Service
Location.
Usually located in one geographic location. Physically people and facilities are in one place.
If decentralised can have several divisions in different locations.
Can be regional.
Orientation.
Education (Conserve, transmit, analyse disseminate) advance learning, emphasis on education, with broad back ground so that individual is useful to University and society.
Profit, Training Programmes available to develop skills to make individual more useful to organisation. Such programmes may be restricted.
Service.
Personnel.
Students (Pre and Post Doctoral) education, researches, Free contact with people who are available for consultation.
No students, researchers, production technologists, marketing and other experts.
No. students Researchers, Industry, farmers.
Facilities.
Experts, large libraries, Computing Centres.
Narrower group of experts more restricted libraries.
Some experts. Large libraries.
Products.
Available to world.
Usually restricted to internal use but can include patients and publications written for profit motives.
Same.
At one time, there would have been difference in source of findings. This is hard to generalise now. government funding support University and industry, industrial funding supports industry and government.Funding.









Flexibility.
Most.
Some
Some





Conclusion.

The trained volunteers with latest knowledge should be engaged in all walks of life, they not only provide employed by people in various development activities but they also helps the nation to provide international net work and bring employment opportunities, development activities boost export, import and bring peace in the world.

Methodology of workshop.

n Presentation by the help of mass-media and charts.
n Note down the related input from the audience.
n Try to locate hurdle, back-logs, and problems.
n Establish a future plan and strategies, after discussion of above points.